Global Influenza Programme
We provide Member States with strategic guidance, technical support and coordination of activities essential to make their health systems better prepared against seasonal, zoonotic and pandemic influenza threats to populations and individuals.
Risk assessments and summaries of influenza at the human-animal interface
WHO, with partners, routinely, and on an ad hoc basis, assesses the public health risk of animal influenza viruses. As influenza viruses are constantly evolving and spreading in animal populations, there is a continuous need to re-assess the risks as the situation evolves and when more information becomes available. Below are ad hoc risk assessments and routine risk assessments. Additionally, an archive of summaries of influenza at the human-animal interface is included below.
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Risk assessments
Monthly risk assessments
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 25 August 2025
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 1 July 2025
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 27 May 2025
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 22 April 2025
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 19 March 2025
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 20 January 2025
Ad hoc risk assessments
Updated joint FAO/WHO/WOAH public health assessment of recent influenza A(H5) virus events in animals and people
Updated joint FAO/WHO/WOAH public health assessment of recent influenza A(H5) virus events in animals and people
Updated joint FAO/WHO/WOAH public health assessment of recent influenza A(H5) virus events in animals and people
Updated joint FAO/WHO/WOAH assessment of recent influenza A(H5N1) virus events in animals and people
Joint FAO/WHO/WOAH preliminary assessment of recent influenza A(H5N1) viruses
Preliminary FAO/WHO/WOAH Joint Rapid Risk Assessment - Human infection with influenza A(H5N1), Cambodia (2023)
Assessment of risk associated with recent influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b viruses
Joint FAO/OIE/WHO Preliminary Risk Assessment Associated with Avian Influenza A(H3N8) Virus
Assessment of risk associated with influenza A(H5N6) virus
Assessment of risk associated with influenza A(H5N8) virus
Previous monthly risk assessments
2024
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 12 December 2024
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 1 November 2024
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 27 September 2024
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 19 July 2024
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 7 June 2024
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 3 May 2024
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 28 March 2024
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 26 February 2024
2023
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 21 December 2023
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 1 November 2023
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 3 October 2023
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 30 August 2023
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 14 July 2023
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 31 May 2023
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 24 April 2023
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 3 March 2023
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 26 January 2023
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 5 January 2023
2022
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 11 November 2022
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 5 October 2022
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 30 August 2022
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 27 June 2022
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 13 May 2022
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 7 April 2022
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 1 March 2022
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 21 January 2022
2021
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 13 December 2021
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 1 October 2021
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 8 August 2021
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 22 June 2021
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 21 May 2021
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 15 April 2021
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 29 January 2021
2020
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 9 December 2020
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 23 October 2020
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 10 July 2020
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 8 May 2020
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 28 February 2020
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 20 January 2020
2019
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 25 November 2019
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 27 September 2019
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 24 June 2019
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 10 May 2019
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 9 April 2019
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 12 February 2019
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 21 January 2019
2018
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 13 December 2018
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 1 November 2018
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 21 September 2018
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 20 July 2018
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 28 May 2018
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 2 March 2018
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 25 January 2018
2017
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 7 December 2017
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 30 October 2017
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 27 September 2017
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 25 July 2017
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 15 June 2017
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 16 May 2017
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 20 April 2017
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 16 March 2017
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 14 February 2017
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 16 January 2017
2016
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 19 December 2016
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 21 November 2016
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 3 October 2016
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 19 July 2016
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 13 June 2016
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 9 May 2016
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 4 April 2016
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 25 February 2016
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 20 January 2016
2015
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 14 December 2015
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 13 November 2015
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 15 October 2015
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 4 September 2015
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 17 July 2015
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 23 June 2015
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 1 May 2015
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 31 March 2015
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 3 March 2015
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 26 January 2015
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 6 January 2015
2014
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 4 December 2014
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 2 October 2014
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 27 June 2014
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 5 May 2014
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 24 March 2014
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 25 February 2014
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 24 January 2014
2013
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 20 December 2013
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 10 December 2013
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 7 October 2013
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 29 August 2013
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 4 July 2013
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 4 June 2013
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 26 April 2013
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 12 March 2013
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 15 February 2013
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 16 January 2013
2012
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 17 December 2012
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 5 November 2012
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 1 October 2012
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 10 September 2012
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 10 August 2012
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 25 June 2012
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 4 June 2012
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 7 May 2012
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 2 April 2012
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 5 March 2012
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 6 February 2012
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 9 January 2012
2011
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 5 December 2011
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 7 November 2011
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 3 October 2011
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 5 September 2011
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 3 August 2011
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 4 July 2011
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 17 June 2011
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 2 May 2011
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 7 April 2011
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 7 March 2011
18 August 2017
Human cases of influenza at the human-animal interface, January 2015 – April 2017
10 July 2015
Human cases of influenza at the human-animal interface, January 2014-April 2015
11 July 2014
Human cases of influenza at the human–animal interface, 2013
29 March 2013
Update on human cases of influenza at the human–animal interface, 2012
30 March 2012
Update on human cases of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus infection, 2011
9 February 2007
30 June 2006
Epidemiology of WHO-confirmed human cases of avian influenza A(H5N1) infection