Aluminium in drinking-water
Background document for development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality
References
- ATSDR (1992) Toxicological profile for aluminium. Atlanta, GA, US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (TP-91/01).
- CCME (1988) Canadian water quality guidelines. Ottawa, Ontario, Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment.
- Clayton DB (1989) Water pollution at Lowermoore North Cornwall: Report of the Lowermoore incident health advisory committee. Truro, Cornwall District Health Authority, 22 pp.
- Colomina MT et al. (1992) Concurrent ingestion of lactate and aluminum can result in developmental toxicity in mice. Research communications in chemical pathology and pharmacology, 77:95-106.
- Colomina MT et al. (1994) Lack of maternal and developmental toxicity in mice given high doses of aluminium hydroxide and ascorbic acid during gestation. Pharmacology and toxicology, 74:236-239.
- Commissaris RL et al. (1982) Behavioral changes in rats after chronic aluminium and parathyroid hormone administration. Neurobehavioral toxicology and teratology, 4:403-410.
- Connor DJ, Jope RS, Harrell LE (1988) Chronic, oral aluminum administration to rats: cognition and cholinergic parameters. Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behaviour, 31:467-474.
- Domingo JL et al. (1987a) Nutritional and toxicological effects of short-term ingestion of aluminum by the rat. Research communications in chemical pathology and pharmacology, 56:409-419.
- Domingo JL et al. (1987b) Effects of oral aluminum administration on perinatal and postnatal development in rats. Research communications in chemical pathology and pharmacology, 57:129-132.
- Domingo JL et al. (1987c) The effects of aluminium ingestion on reproduction and postnatal survival in rats. Life sciences, 41:1127-1131.
- Domingo JL et al. (1989) Lack of teratogenicity of aluminum hydroxide in rats. Life sciences, 45:243-247.
- FAO/WHO (1989) Aluminium. In: Toxicological evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants. Thirty-third meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. Geneva, World Health Organization, pp. 113-154 (WHO Food Additives Series 24).
- Flaten TP (1990) Geographical associations between aluminium in drinking water and death rates with dementia (including Alzheimer's disease), Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Norway. Environmental geochemistry and health, 12:152-167.
- Forbes WF et al. (1994) Geochemical risk factors for mental functioning, based on the Ontario longitudinal study of aging (LSA): II. The role of pH. Canadian journal of aging, 13:249-267.
- Gomez M et al. (1986) Short-term oral toxicity study of aluminium in rats. Archives of pharmacology and toxicology, 12:145-151.
- Gomez M et al. (1990) Evaluation of the maternal and developmental toxicity of aluminum from high doses of aluminum hydroxide in rats. Veterinary and human toxicology, 32:545-548.
- Gomez M, Domingo JL, Llobet JM (1991) Developmental toxicity evaluation of oral aluminum in rats: influence of citrate. Neurotoxicology and teratology, 13:323-328.
- Health Canada (1993) Guidelines for Canadian drinking water quality. Water treatment principles and applications: a manual for the production of drinking water. Ottawa, Ontario, Health Canada, Environmental Health Directorate. Printed and distributed by Canadian Water and Wastewater Association, Ottawa, Ontario.
- Hicks JS, Hackett DS, Sprague GL (1987) Toxicity and aluminium concentration in bone following dietary administration of two sodium aluminium phosphate formulations in rats. Food and chemical toxicology, 25(7):533-538.
- ISO (1994) Water quality — Determination of aluminium: spectrometric method using pyrocatechol violet. Geneva, International Organization for Standardization (ISO 10566:1994 (E)).
- ISO (1996) Water quality — Determination of 33 elements by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. Geneva, International Organization for Standardization (ISO 11885:1996 (E)).
- ISO (1997) Water quality — Determination of aluminium — Atomic absorption spectrometric methods. Geneva, International Organization for Standardization (ISO 12020:1997 (E)).
- Jacqmin H et al. (1994) Components of drinking water and risk of cognitive impairment in the elderly. American journal of epidemiology, 139:48-57.
- Katz AC et al. (1984) A 6-month dietary toxicity study of acidic sodium aluminium phosphate in beagle dogs. Food and chemical toxicology, 22:7-9.
- Letterman RD, Driscoll CT (1988) Survey of residual aluminum in filtered water. Journal of the American Water Works Association, 80:154-158.
- Lide DR, ed. (1993) CRC handbook of chemistry and physics, 73rd ed. Boca Raton, FL, CRC Press.
- MAFF (1993) Aluminium in food C 39th report of the Steering Group on Chemical Aspects of Food Surveillance. London, UK Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food.
- Martyn CN et al. (1989) Geographical relation between Alzheimer's disease and aluminium in drinking water. Lancet, 1:59-62.
- Michel P et al. (1991) Study of the relationship between aluminium concentration in drinking water and risk of Alzheimer's disease. In: Iqbal K et al., eds. Alzheimer's disease: Basic mechanisms, diagnosis and therapeutic strategies. New York, NY, John Wiley, pp. 387-391.
- Miller RG et al. (1984) The occurrence of aluminum in drinking water. Journal of the American Water Works Association, 76:84-91.
- Neri LC, Hewitt D (1991) Aluminium, Alzheimer's disease, and drinking water. Lancet, 338:390.
- OMEE (1995) Drinking water surveillance programme — Province of Ontario. Toronto, Ontario, Ontario Ministry of Environment and Energy.
- Pennington JA, Schoen SA (1995) Estimates of dietary exposure to aluminium. Food additives and contaminants, 12(1):119-128.
- Pettersen JC, Hackett DS, Zwicker GM (1990) Twenty-six week toxicity study with KASAL (basic sodium aluminum phosphate) in beagle dogs. Environmental geochemistry and health, 12:121-123.
- Schroeder MA, Mitchener M (1975a) Life-term effects of mercury, methylmercury and nine other trace metals on mice. Journal of nutrition, 105:452-458.
- Schroeder MA, Mitchener M (1975b) Life-term studies in rats: effects of aluminum, barium, beryllium, and tungsten. Journal of nutrition, 105:421-427.
- Thorne BM et al. (1987) Aluminum toxicity and behavior in the weanling Long-Evans rat. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 25:129-132.
- Wettstein A et al. (1991) Failure to find a relationship between mnestic skills of octogenarians and aluminium in drinking water. International archives of occupational and environmental health, 63:97-103.
- WHO (1996) Guidelines for drinking-water quality, 2nd ed. Vol. 2. Health criteria and other supporting information. Geneva, World Health Organization.
- WHO (1997) Aluminium. Geneva, World Health Organization, International Programme on Chemical Safety (Environmental Health Criteria 194).
- Wilhelm M, Idel H (1995) [Aluminium in drinking water: a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease?] Forum, Städte, Hygiene, 46:255-258 (in German).
- WRc (1997) Treatment technology for aluminium, boron and uranium. Document prepared for WHO by the Water Research Centre, Medmenham, and reviewed by S. Clark, US EPA; A. van Dijk-Looijaard, KIWA, Netherlands; and D. Green, Health Canada.
- Yen-Koo HC (1992) The effect of aluminum on conditioned avoidance response (CAR) in mice. Toxicology and industrial health, 8:1-7.