Narrowing socioeconomic inequality in child stunting: the Brazilian experience, 1974–2007
Carlos Augusto Monteiro, Maria Helena D’Aquino Benicio, Wolney Lisboa Conde, Silvia Konno, Ana Lucia Lovadino, Aluisio JD Barros & Cesar Gomes Victora
Volume 88, Number 4, April 2010, 305-311
Table 1. Child stunting prevalence, per survey year and socioeconomic quintile, Brazil, 1974–2007
| Surveya year | Socioeconomic indicator | Stunting prevalence, % (no. of children), per quintile | SII (95% CI) | Concentration index (95% CI) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poorest | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | Richest | Erreygersb | Traditional | |||
| 1974–75 | Per capita income | 59.0 (5613) | 50.8 (6477) | 38.5 (6963) | 25.7 (7551) | 12.1 (7805) | −60.0 (−60.0 to −59.9) | −0.38 (−0.399 to −0.363) | −0.26 (−0.265 to −0.248) |
| 1989 | Per capita income | 39.1 (1468) | 30.6 (1572) | 16.6 (1563) | 7.2 (1297) | 5.1 (1234) | −46.1 (−46.3 to −45.9) | −0.27 (−0.301 to −0.233) | −0.34 (−0.371 to −0.303) |
| 1996 | Asset-based | 30.7 (910) | 17.9 (1022) | 9.6 (833) | 5.7 (752) | 4.9 (632) | −32.1 (−32.4 to −31.7) | −0.20 (−0.235 to −0.165) | −0.36 (−0.407 to −0.318) |
| 2006–07 | Asset-based | 11.0 (1205) | 9.3 (854) | 6.8 (829) | 3.6 (833) | 4.0 (693) | −10.3 (−10.3 to −10.2) | −0.07 (−0.089 to −0.041) | −0.22 (−0.313 to −0.129) |
| Per capita income | 11.2 (1039) | 9.3 (852) | 5.2 (784) | 5.9 (699) | 3.3 (534) | −9.7 (−9.8 to −9.6) | −0.05 (−0.083 to −0.017) | −0.16 (−0.268 to −0.044) | |
CI, confidence interval; SII, slope index of inequality.
a 1974–75: Estudo Nacional de Despesa Familiar [National Study on Family Expenditures]; 1989: Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde e Nutrição [National Health and Nutrition Survey]; 1996 and 2006–07: Demographic and Health Survey.
b Calculated as suggested by Erreygers, whose method has been criticized for leading to a measure reflecting absolute change more than relative change.
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